Improved Extratropical North Atlantic Atmosphere–Ocean Variability with Increasing Ocean Model Resolution

Maximum of the climatological mean overturning circulation field (Sv) calculated over 30°–60°N and 500–2000 m depth vs the (a) mean bias in upper-ocean salinity (S₅₀₀; K) averaged over the Labrador–Irminger Seas. Results are shown for all control runs using the same labeling convention as in Fig. 8a. (b) As in (a), but for the mean bias in upper-ocean temperature (T₅₀₀; g kg⁻¹). (c),(d) As in (a) and (b), but for the maximum magnitude of the climatological mean Ψ₅₀₀ field calculated over the subpolar North Atlantic region (45°–65°N, 5°–60°W).

Citation: Journal of Climate 36, 24; 10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0230.1